Urgency of the study of vitality of a person being a resident in a place with bad ecology is specified by social and scientific need for the analysis of effects of ecologically deformed environment on man. The relation between the concepts «vitality» and «adaptation» is discussed, as well as the use of adaptive characteristics of a person as vitality indicators. Measures of psychological adaptation of senior high-school and college students born and being residents of the territory with ecological problems are considered as vitality indicators. Measures of psychological adaptation of the human subjects are proved to decrease at psychophysiological and psychic level. The decrease of psychological adaptation characteristics of people living in places with bad ecology is the manifestation of their vitality decay.